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SS ''Dzhurma'' ((ロシア語:«Джу́рма»), ) was a Soviet steamship of the Gulag system that transported prisoners. Because of an alleged 1933–34 incident wherein 12,000 prisoners were said to have died, it became the most famous ship of the prison fleet of the Dalstroi.〔 The ship was built in the Netherlands in 1921 as SS ''Brielle''. When the ship was sold to the Soviet Union in 1935, it was registered under the spelling ''Djurma'', in accordance with the most common transliteration protocols of the time, but is now most commonly transliterated as ''Dzhurma''. ==Career== SS ''Brielle'' was launched on 31 December 1920 at the New Waterway shipyard in Schiedam in the Netherlands. The bulk carrier was long (pp) and was abeam. The 6,908-gross-register-ton ship was powered by a single triple-expansion steam engine that could move it at speeds up to . After its completion in April 1921, it was delivered to the Royal Netherlands Steamship Company ((オランダ語:Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij ''or ''KNSM)).〔 The ship was operated by ''Verenigde Nederlandsche Scheepvaartmaatschappij'' (VNS), founded by a Dutch consortium (that included KNSM) after the end of World War I.〔Bollinger, pp. 88–90.〕 The ship was eventually absorbed into the Royal Netherlands Steamship Company, one of the consortium members.〔 The ship sailed under the Dutch flag out of Amsterdam for most of the next 14 years.〔 (Scan of page "Bre–Bri" ) (pdf) hosted at (Plimsoll Ship Data ). Retrieved 29 January 2009.〕 During the Great Depression, the ship was taken out of service and laid up. When its owners faced financial pressures to sell the ship, it was purchased by the Dalstroi in 1935.〔 The ship was transferred to the Soviet flag under the name ''Djurma'' and registered with a home port of Nogaevo.〔 (Scan of page "Div–Dok" ) (pdf) hosted at (Plimsoll Ship Data ). Retrieved 29 January 2009.〕 ''Djurma'' or ''Dzhurma'' translates as "shining path” in the language of the Evenks from the Kolyma region.〔 Author Martin Bollinger reports that, during the ship's Soviet career, there is ample evidence that ''Dzhurma'' was used on Gulag routes between 1936 and 1950.〔 As a part of the Dalstroi fleet, it transported prisoners from Vladivostok, endpoint of the Transsiberian railway, across the Sea of Okhotsk to Kolyma via the port of Magadan. Travel time was about six to 14 days to Magadan; trips to the Arctic were seasonal as during the winter the sea froze over. A steamer would make about ten trips a year.〔 Conditions were horrendous, and many people did not survive the trip.〔 With the entry of the United States in World War II, the ship arrived for repairs at Seattle on January 31, 1942 under the Lend-Lease program. In addition to prisoner transport, it was also used to haul matériel across the Pacific, calling at the U.S. ports of San Francisco, Seattle and Portland, Oregon about a dozen times.〔 After 1950, the ship appears to have been used only for the carrying of cargo. It was removed from Lloyd's Register of Shipping in 1968 to allow a Polish ship of the same name to be built.〔 The ship was scrapped in 1970.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Dzhurma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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